I'll be going to this for sure, if any of my, uh, peeps want to meet me there.

Today is the day of the earliest sunset of the year In most of North America.  Locally here, sunset is at 4:50pm.  So from today on through summer, the sunset occurs at ever slightly later times and our afternoons get sunnier and sunnier.

Sunset Day is different from the Winter Solstice on December 21st, which is the shortest day of the year.  This is because of the tilt of the earth's axis and eliptical orbit.

A plot of the position of the sun at a given geographic location at the same time each day traces out a warped figure-8 curve over the course of a year.  This curve is called the analemma.

For more on analemmas, see the Wikipedia entry:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analemma

And of course there's Analemma.com for all your analemma needs.

A regular feature of EDN Magazine is the Design Ideas section, where readers contribute original circuit designs.  Some are good, some are silly, some are way esoteric, some are uses for a device made, oddly enough, by the contributor's company.

The recent September 16 2004 issue has an fascinating entry, "Diode Compensates Distortion in Amplifier Stage" by S. Chekcheyev, Pridnestrovye State University, Moldova.  (Where???).  He takes a basic common-emitter amplifier circuit and is able to compensate for the basic nonlinearities by adding a diode and a pair of steering capacitors.  This is really clever; I've never seen anything like this before and I find it somewhat intriguing.

The classic transistor voltage gain stage, with the emitter grounded through a bypass capacitor, has a transfer function that is substantially exponential.  If the input signal level is sufficiently small the distortion might not be a problem, but for larger signals the engineer would typically address the nonlinearities with a resistor in series with the bypass cap, or no bypass cap, which would apply local negative feedback and reduce the gain, or by bringing in feedback from a later stage, or drive the input with more of a current source than a voltage source, or any of a number of other approaches.

Here, he splits the emitter resistor and adds in a diode, so the diode is running at the same current as the transistor, and then adds the capacitors to route the audio signal around the diode in the opposite direction.  This way the dynamic resistance of the diode will run opposite the dynamic gain of the transistor and effectively compensate for most of the nonlinearity.  Very clever.

I see a few problems with the circuit.  At frequencies a little below the -3dB low frequency cutoff, the capacitors will be mostly removed from the circuit and the nonlinearity of the transistor will be compounded with the nonlinearity of the diode.  And the circuit might not overload gracefully.  And, those two 1000uF capacitors are going to take up a lot of space.  But it's still a very interesting approach.

Another way to think about the circuit is to make a roughly equivalent version, adjusting the DC situation a little to eliminate the caps.  In this drawing I take the AC path from the emitter through the diode and two caps to ground and replace it with the NPN transistor equivalent of a diode to ground.  The original +12.0 V supply is split into +9.0 V and -6.0 V; the +9.0 is the difference between the original power supply and original base voltage bias point, and the -6.0V is double the original base voltage bias point because now we need twice the current to run both transistors.

And yes, that's a standard differential amp.  So S. Chekcheyev's circuit could be considered the AC equivalent of a diff amp run single-ended.  (Roughly equivalent; they will overload slightly differently.)

Is it possible to make an FET version of S. Chekcheyev's circuit?  I think it would look something like this, with an FET source follower performing the function of the diode.  I have not done an extensive analysis on it though.